chemical compound

Functional group (the term in organic chemistry) is a group of special forces on the atoms in a molecule, which plays a role in giving the characteristics of a chemical reaction in the molecule. Bergugus functional compounds that have the same chemical reaction of the same or similar.
Here is a list of functional groups that are often encountered. In writing formulas, symbols R and R 'always declare hydrogen bond or hydrocarbon chain, or a cluster of atoms.

Kelas kimiawi Gugus Rumus Rumus struktural Awalan Akhiran Contoh
Asil halida
Haloformil RCOX haloformil- -oil halida
Asetil klorida
(Etanoil klorida)
Alkohol
Hidroksil
ROH hidroksi- -ol
Metanol

Aldehida
Aldehida
RCHO okso- -al
Asetaldehida
(Etanal)
Alkana
Alkil
RH alkil- -ana
Metana

Alkena
Alkenil
R2C=CR2 alkenil- -ena
Etilena
(Etena)
Alkuna
Alkinil
RC≡CR' alkinil- -una
Asetiluna
(Etuna)
Amida
Karboksamida
RCONR2 karboksamido- -amida
Asetamida
(Etanamida)
Amina
Amina primer
RNH2 amino- -amina
Metilamina
(Metanamina)
Amina sekunder
R2NH amino- -amina
Dimetilamina

Amina tersier
R3N amino- -amina
Trimetilamina

Ion amonium 4°
R4N+ amonio- -amonium
Kolin

Senyawa azo
Azo
(Diimida)
RN2R' azo- -diazene
Metil oranye
(asam p-dimetilamino-azobenzenasulfonat)
Turunan toluen
Benzil
RCH2C6H5
RBn benzil- 1-(substituen)toluen
Benzil bromida
(1-Bromotoluen)
Karbonat
Ester karbonat
ROCOOR alkil karbonat
Karbosilat
Karbosilat
RCOO−
karboksi- -oat
Natrium asetat
(Natrium etanoat)
Asam karboksilat
Karboksil
RCOOH karboksi- asam -oat
Asam asetat
(Asam etanoat atau asam cuka)
Sianat
Sianat
ROCN sianato- alkil sianat
Tiosianat
RSCN tiosianato- alkil tiosianat
Eter
Eter
ROR' alkoksi- alkil alkil eter
Dietil eter
(Etoksi etana)
Ester
Ester
RCOOR' alkil alkanoat
Etil butirat
(Etil butanoat)
Haloalkana
Halo
RX halo- alkil halida
Kloroetana
(Etil klorida)
Hidroperoksida
Hidroperoksi
ROOH hidroperoksi- alkil hidroperoksida
Metil etil keton peroksida

Imina
Ketimina primer
RC(=NH)R' imino- -imina
Ketimina sekunder
RC(=NR)R' imino- -imina
Aldimina primer
RC(=NH)H imino- -imina
Aldimina sekunder
RC(=NR')H imino- -imina
Isosianida
Isosianida
RNC isosiano- alkyl isosianida
Isosianat
Isosianat
RNCO isosianato- alkil isosianat
Metil isosianat

Isotiosianat
RNCS isotiosianato- alkyl isotiosianat
Alil isotiosianat

Keton
Keton
RCOR' keto-, okso- -on
Metil etil keton
(Butanon)
Nitrat
Nitrat
RONO2 nitrooksi-, nitroksi- alkil nitrat
Amil nitrat
(1-nitrooksipentana)
Nitril
Nitril
RCN siano- alkananitril
alkil sianida
Benzonitril
(Fenil sianida)
Nitrit
Nitrit
RONO
nitrosooksi- alkil nitrit
Amil nitrit
(3-metil-1-nitrosooksibutana)
Senyawa nitro
Nitro
RNO2 nitro-
Nitrometana

Senyawa nitroso
Nitroso
RNO nitroso-
Nitrosobenzena

Peroksida
Peroksi
ROOR peroksi- alkil peroksida
Di-tert-butil peroksida

Turunan benzena
Fenil
RC6H5 fenil- -benzena
Kumen
(2-fenilpropana)
Fosfina
Fosfino R3P fosfino- -fosfana
Metilpropilfosfana
Fosfodiester
Fosfat
HOPO(OR)2 asam fosforat di(substituen) ester di(substituen) hidrogenfosfat DNA

Asam fosfonat
Fosfono RP(=O)(OH)2 fosfono- asam substituen fosfonat
Asam benzilfosfonat
Fosfat
Fosfat ROP(=O)(OH)2 fosfo-
Gliseraldehida 3-fosfat

Turunan piridin
Piridil
RC5H4N

4-piridil
(piridin-4-yl)

3-piridil
(piridin-3-yl)

2-piridil
(piridin-2-yl) -piridin
Nikotin

Sulfida
RSR' di(substituen) sulfida
Dimetil sulfida

Sulfona
Sulfonil
RSO2R' sulfonil- di(substituent) sulfona
Dimetil sulfona
(Metilsulfonilmetana)

Asam sulfonat
Sulfo RSO3H sulfo- asam substituen sulfonat
Asam benzensulfonat
Sulfoksida
Sulfinil
RSOR' sulfinil- di(substituen) sulfoksida
Difenil sulfoksida
Tiol
Sulfhidril
RSH merkapto-, sulfanil- -tiol
Etanatiol
(Etil merkaptan)

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